Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation as a part of a sequential multi-phase therapeutic approach (R-COPADM/CYVE/ASCT) as first-line treatment of high-grade B-cell lymphoma: results of a retrospective study with long-term follow-up (2024)

FAQs

What is the success rate of autologous stem cell transplant? ›

By a median follow- up time of 5.45±3.19 years, the estimated 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 84.00% and 69.23%, respectively (Figure 1). Cumulative five-and ten-year relapse incidence was 30.77% (95% CI: 12.82% - 62.66%) (Figure 2). Transplant-related mortality (TRM) was not observed in our study.

Recurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) occurs in about 50% of patients after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), usually within the first year, and represents a significant therapeutic challenge. The natural history of recurrent HL in this setting may range from a rapidly progressive to a more indolent course.

A procedure in which a patient's healthy stem cells (blood-forming cells) are collected from the blood or bone marrow before treatment, stored, and then given back to the patient after treatment.

Conditional on surviving the first 2 to 5 years after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT), the 10-year overall survival approaches 80%. Nonetheless, the risk of late mortality remains higher than the age- and sex-matched general population for several years after BMT.

You should not expect to return to work or school for at least three to six months after transplantation. Even though blood tests may be normal, the immune system needs that time to recover. For some patients it may take six months to one year to recover.

Side effects

If you have stem cells from a donor, there is a risk of them attacking some of your own body cells. This is called graft versus host disease (GvHD). It is rare to have stem cells from a donor as a treatment for myeloma.

The transplant will usually be carried out a day or 2 after conditioning has finished. The stem cells will be passed slowly into your body through the central line. This process often takes around a couple of hours. The transplant will not be painful and you'll be awake throughout.

Patients will be isolated for 100 days after a bone marrow or stem cell transplant as the new immune system starts working, avoiding public spaces and crowds. Patients should also be very careful about having guests.

The stem cell transplant process can be challenging both physically and mentally. Treatment effects can include hair loss, skin rash, swelling, weight loss or weight gain, and decrease in sexual desire. These changes can affect the way you feel about yourself as well as your relationship with others.

Problems from a stem cell transplant may include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, hair loss, and bleeding. It can also cause an infection such as pneumonia. A severe, often life-threatening infection can occur after a stem cell transplant.

What is the survival rate for hematopoietic stem cell transplant? ›

Annual relative survival for survivors of allogeneic HCT was 96% to 99% of the general population but only 89% to 96% of the general population for recipients of autologous HCT.

Every patient's situation is unique, but you can expect to spend 30 to 60 days in the hospital or at the outpatient clinic for your transplant. The goal of BMT is for the donated cells to enter your bone marrow and start making new cells.

Graft failure occurs if the transplanted stem cells fail to settle in your bone marrow and make new blood cells. This means your blood counts do not recover. Graft failure is serious but it is very rare after an autologous stem cell transplant. Your medical team monitors your blood counts closely.

Despite improvements in therapy, approximately 5% of patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) experience early mortality (EM), death within 1 year of transplant (EM post-ASCT). Such patients tend to have few comorbidities suggesting their EM is owing to aggressive underlying disease.

By the end of the first year, the immune system usually returns to normal and the bone marrow produces blood cells normally again. It may take longer for some people, especially if they are on immune-suppressing drugs.